河合塾２００４年第１回模擬試験　英語

５　次の英文を読んで，後の設問に答えよ。（配点55点）

　　Bicycle riding is popular in most parts of the world. In fact, people in some countries rely on bicycles as their primary mode of transportation. Bicycles are actually quite ( 1 ) when compared with other vehicles. The same amount of energy that will power a bicycle for 5 kilometers will power a car for a mere 88 meters. Instead of powering an automobile with gasoline, people can power bicycles with their own bodies and reduce pollution.

　　(2)Food supplies the fuel that powers the human body. In the case of a cyclist, the type of food he or she takes can influence performance. Fruit and other foods that are rich in simple *carbohydrates are an effective source for quick energy immediately before a ride. If a cyclist is interested in long distance performance, however, *whole-grain bread and other foods rich in complex carbohydrates are better energy sources and should be eaten an hour or so before riding.

　　Sometimes when cyclists are producing sufficient amounts of energy to power their bikes, (3)air resistance limits their performance. When an object moves through air, it creates wind that pulls the object in the opposite direction.

　　(4)Bicycles that are designed to have the rider sit up straight, do nothing to reduce air resistance. Racing bikes, on the other hand, are specifically designed to minimize it.

　　Designers have done several things to make racing bikes *aerodynamic. Some designers have created frames made of *tubes with oval or tear-shaped *cross-sections instead of traditional round tubes. Others have focused on changing wheel design, using disc wheels instead of the standard spoked wheel. Although the disc wheels are heavier, they (5)create less drag. Spoked wheels act like *eggbeaters and cause irregular airflow that increases wind resistance.

　　Although bicycle designers have succeeded in improving performance with their aerodynamic designs, the human body itself will always cause some wind drag. And so (6)most racers wear smooth clothes and specially shaped helmets which they think add to their performance and speed.

(注) carbohydrate：糖類
　　whole-grain bread：無精白のパン
　　aerodynamic：空気力学に適った
　　tube：(自転車の車体本体を構成する)パイプ
　　cross-section：横断面
　　eggbeater：卵の泡立て器

問１　空所（1）に入る最も適当なものを，次のア～エの中から1つ選び，記号で答えよ。
　　　　ア．comfortable イ. efficient ウ. old エ. slow

問２　下線部（2）に関して，本文で述べられていないものを，次のア～エの中から１つ選び，記号で答えよ。
　　ア．果物で，単糖類を摂取することができる。
　　イ．自転車に乗る場合，果物は出発直前に食べると効果的である。
　　ウ．単糖類は，長距離を走る際に有効である。
　　エ．自転車に乗る場合，多糖類は出発の約１時間前に摂取すると効果的である。

問３　下線部（3）の理由を，本文に即して35字程度の日本語で述べよ。ただし，句読点も字数に含む。 ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐ ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘

問４　下線部（4）を和訳せよ。

問５　下線部（5）の内容として最も適当なものを，次のア～エの中から1つ選び，記号で答えよ。

　　　　ア．風の抵抗を少なくする。
　　　　イ．自転車全体を軽量化する。
　　　　ウ．使用する部品を減らす。
　　　　エ．使うパイプを細くする。

問６　下線部（６）を和訳せよ。

問７　本文の内容と一致するものを，次のア～オの中から２つ選び，記号で答えよ。
　　　　ただし，解答の順序は問わない。
　　　　ア．自転車は世界中で最も人気のある交通手段である。
　　　　イ．同じ距離を走る場合，自動車は自転車の約１８倍のエネルギーを必要とする。
　　　　ウ．食べ物が自転車で走る運動能力に及ぼす影響は，食べ物の種類によって異なる。
　　　エ．競技用の自転車は追い風をうまく利用するように設計されている。
　　　　オ．競技用自転車の設計者の中には，フレームパイプの形状に工夫をこらした人もいた。

６　次の英文を読んで，後の設問に答えよ。（配点４５点）

　　　 My daughter, Olivia, who just turned three, has an imaginary friend whose name is Charlie Ravioli. He has a lot of interesting traits, but the most peculiar one is this: he is always too busy to play with her. She holds her toy cell phone up to her ear, and we hear her talk into it: "Ravioli? It's Olivia... It's Olivia. Come and play? OK. Call me. Bye." Then she snaps it shut and shakes her head. "I always just speak to his answering machine," she says. Or she will say, "I spoke to Ravioli today." "Did you have fun?" my wife and I ask. "No. He was busy working."

　　 I was concerned that Charlie Ravioli might be the sign of some "trauma," some loneliness in Olivia's life reflected in imaginary form. "It seems odd to have an imaginary playmate who is always too busy to play with you," Martha, my wife, said to me. "Shouldn't your imaginary playmate be someone you tell secrets to and, I don't know, sing songs with? It shouldn't be someone who's always too busy."

　　 Charlie Ravioli was becoming so constant and oddly discouraging a companion―"He canceled lunch. Again," Olivia would say-that we thought we ought to look into it. One of my sisters is a developmental psychologist who specializes in close scientific studies of what goes on inside the heads of one- and two- and three-year-olds. Though she grew up in New York, she lives in California now. I e-mailed this sister for help with the Ravioli issue, and, one night, she called me up.

　　　 "An imaginary playmate isn't any kind of trauma marker," my sister said. "It's just the opposite: it's a sign that the child is now confident enough to begin to understand how to organize her experience into stories." The significant thing about imaginary friends, she went on, is that the kids know they're fictional. "Don't worry about it," she said. "She's putting a name on a series of manners."

　　 "But he seems so real to her," I objected.
"Of course he is. Giving a manner a name makes it real." I paused. "I grasp that it's normal for her to have an imaginary friend," I said, "but have you ever heard of an imaginary friend who is too busy to play with you?"

　　 She thought about it. "No," she said. "I'm sure that doesn't occur anywhere in the research literature. That sounds completely New York." And then she hung up.

　　　 Completely New York! Like Charlie Ravioli, we New Yorkers are always busy and leave messages on answering machines to avoid our acquaintances, and find that we keep missing our friends. I have a close friend who lives just across Central Park from me, whom I e-mail often, and whom I am fortunate to see two or three times a year. We are always...busy. He has become my Charlie Ravioli, my invisible friend. I am sure that he misses me―just as Charlie Ravioli, I realized, must tell his other friends that he is sorry he does not see Olivia more often.

　　 Once I sensed the nature of his *predicament, I began to feel more sympathetic toward Charlie Ravioli. I got to know him better, too. Charlie Ravioli was just another New Yorker.

　　 Olivia still hopes to have him to herself someday. She is still trying to reach her closest friend. "Ravioli? Ravioli? Call me when you come home."

(注) predicament：困難な状況

問１　次の１～５に対する答えとして最も適当なものを，それぞれア～エの中から１つずつ選び，記号で答えよ。

1. Which seems most probable when Olivia calls Charlie Ravioli?
　　ア. He doesn't answer the phone.
　　イ. They enjoy talking with each other.
　　ウ. She finds him nice to talk with.
　　エ. They end up quarreling.

2. What did the author's wife think about Charlie Ravioli and Olivia?

　　　ア. They were good friends.
　　　イ. They both were too busy.
　　　ウ. Their relationship was somewhat strange.
　　エ. Their relationship was getting better.

3. Why did the author consult with one of his sisters?
　　　イ. Because she is a specialist in the mental development of children.
　　　ア. Because she is Olivia's aunt and knows her very well.
　　　ウ. Because she has a child who is as old as Olivia.
　　　エ. Because she experienced, the same issue when she was three years old.

4. What did the author's sister say about the Ravioli issue?
　　　ア. It's not unusual for a child to have an imaginary friend.
　　　イ. It's quite common for three-year olds to write a story on their own.
　　　ウ. It's necessary for a child to see an imaginary friend.
　　　ユ. It's very difficult to solve this kind of problem.

5. How did the author feel after talking with his sister?
　　　ア. Charlie Ravioli was not an imaginary person but a real one.
　　　イ. New Yorkers had a lot in common with Charlie Ravioli.
　　　ウ. Charlie Ravioli would become Olivia's good friend.
　　　エ. He had a lot to learn from Charlie Ravioli.


	５　次の英文を読んで，後の設問に答えよ。（配点55点）　　　Bicycle riding is popular in most parts of the world. In fact, people in some countries rely on bicycles as their primary mode of transportation. Bicycles are actually quite ( 1 ) when compared with other vehicles. The same amount of energy that will power a bicycle for 5 kilometers will power a car for a mere 88 meters. Instead of powering an automobile with gasoline, people can power bicycles with their own bodies and reduce pollution. 　　　(2)Food supplies the fuel that powers the human body. In the case of a cyclist, the type of food he or she takes can influence performance. Fruit and other foods that are rich in simple carbohydrates are an effective source for quick energy immediately before a ride. If a cyclist is interested in long distance performance, however, whole-grain bread and other foods rich in complex carbohydrates are better energy sources and should be eaten an hour or so before riding. 　　　Sometimes when cyclists are producing sufficient amounts of energy to power their bikes, (3)air resistance limits their performance. When an object moves through air, it creates wind that pulls the object in the opposite direction. 　　　(4)Bicycles that are designed to have the rider sit up straight, do nothing to reduce air resistance. Racing bikes, on the other hand, are specifically designed to minimize it. 　　　Designers have done several things to make racing bikes aerodynamic. Some designers have created frames made of tubes with oval or tear-shaped cross-sections instead of traditional round tubes. Others have focused on changing wheel design, using disc wheels instead of the standard spoked wheel. Although the disc wheels are heavier, they (5)create less drag. Spoked wheels act like eggbeaters and cause irregular airflow that increases wind resistance. 　　　Although bicycle designers have succeeded in improving performance with their aerodynamic designs, the human body itself will always cause some wind drag. And so (6)most racers wear smooth clothes and specially shaped helmets which they think add to their performance and speed. 　 (注) carbohydrate：糖類　　whole-grain bread：無精白のパン　　aerodynamic：空気力学に適った　　tube：(自転車の車体本体を構成する)パイプ　　cross-section：横断面　　eggbeater：卵の泡立て器　問１　空所（1）に入る最も適当なものを，次のア～エの中から1つ選び，記号で答えよ。　　　　ア．comfortable イ. efficient ウ. old エ. slow 　問２　下線部（2）に関して，本文で述べられていないものを，次のア～エの中から１つ選び，記号で答えよ。　　ア．果物で，単糖類を摂取することができる。　　イ．自転車に乗る場合，果物は出発直前に食べると効果的である。　　ウ．単糖類は，長距離を走る際に有効である。　　エ．自転車に乗る場合，多糖類は出発の約１時間前に摂取すると効果的である。　問３　下線部（3）の理由を，本文に即して35字程度の日本語で述べよ。ただし，句読点も字数に含む。 ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐ ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘ 　問４　下線部（4）を和訳せよ。　問５　下線部（5）の内容として最も適当なものを，次のア～エの中から1つ選び，記号で答えよ。　　　　ア．風の抵抗を少なくする。　　　　イ．自転車全体を軽量化する。　　　　ウ．使用する部品を減らす。　　　　エ．使うパイプを細くする。　問６　下線部（６）を和訳せよ。　問７　本文の内容と一致するものを，次のア～オの中から２つ選び，記号で答えよ。　　　　ただし，解答の順序は問わない。　　　　ア．自転車は世界中で最も人気のある交通手段である。　　　　イ．同じ距離を走る場合，自動車は自転車の約１８倍のエネルギーを必要とする。　　　　ウ．食べ物が自転車で走る運動能力に及ぼす影響は，食べ物の種類によって異なる。　　　エ．競技用の自転車は追い風をうまく利用するように設計されている。　　　　オ．競技用自転車の設計者の中には，フレームパイプの形状に工夫をこらした人もいた。　６　次の英文を読んで，後の設問に答えよ。（配点４５点）　　　　 My daughter, Olivia, who just turned three, has an imaginary friend whose name is Charlie Ravioli. He has a lot of interesting traits, but the most peculiar one is this: he is always too busy to play with her. She holds her toy cell phone up to her ear, and we hear her talk into it: "Ravioli? It's Olivia... It's Olivia. Come and play? OK. Call me. Bye." Then she snaps it shut and shakes her head. "I always just speak to his answering machine," she says. Or she will say, "I spoke to Ravioli today." "Did you have fun?" my wife and I ask. "No. He was busy working." 　　　 I was concerned that Charlie Ravioli might be the sign of some "trauma," some loneliness in Olivia's life reflected in imaginary form. "It seems odd to have an imaginary playmate who is always too busy to play with you," Martha, my wife, said to me. "Shouldn't your imaginary playmate be someone you tell secrets to and, I don't know, sing songs with? It shouldn't be someone who's always too busy." 　　　 Charlie Ravioli was becoming so constant and oddly discouraging a companion―"He canceled lunch. Again," Olivia would say-that we thought we ought to look into it. One of my sisters is a developmental psychologist who specializes in close scientific studies of what goes on inside the heads of one- and two- and three-year-olds. Though she grew up in New York, she lives in California now. I e-mailed this sister for help with the Ravioli issue, and, one night, she called me up. 　　　　 "An imaginary playmate isn't any kind of trauma marker," my sister said. "It's just the opposite: it's a sign that the child is now confident enough to begin to understand how to organize her experience into stories." The significant thing about imaginary friends, she went on, is that the kids know they're fictional. "Don't worry about it," she said. "She's putting a name on a series of manners." 　　　 "But he seems so real to her," I objected. "Of course he is. Giving a manner a name makes it real." I paused. "I grasp that it's normal for her to have an imaginary friend," I said, "but have you ever heard of an imaginary friend who is too busy to play with you?" 　　　 She thought about it. "No," she said. "I'm sure that doesn't occur anywhere in the research literature. That sounds completely New York." And then she hung up. 　　　　 Completely New York! Like Charlie Ravioli, we New Yorkers are always busy and leave messages on answering machines to avoid our acquaintances, and find that we keep missing our friends. I have a close friend who lives just across Central Park from me, whom I e-mail often, and whom I am fortunate to see two or three times a year. We are always...busy. He has become my Charlie Ravioli, my invisible friend. I am sure that he misses me―just as Charlie Ravioli, I realized, must tell his other friends that he is sorry he does not see Olivia more often. 　　　 Once I sensed the nature of his *predicament, I began to feel more sympathetic toward Charlie Ravioli. I got to know him better, too. Charlie Ravioli was just another New Yorker. 　　　 Olivia still hopes to have him to herself someday. She is still trying to reach her closest friend. "Ravioli? Ravioli? Call me when you come home." 　 (注) predicament：困難な状況　問１　次の１～５に対する答えとして最も適当なものを，それぞれア～エの中から１つずつ選び，記号で答えよ。　 1. Which seems most probable when Olivia calls Charlie Ravioli? 　　ア. He doesn't answer the phone. 　　イ. They enjoy talking with each other. 　　ウ. She finds him nice to talk with. 　　エ. They end up quarreling. 　 2. What did the author's wife think about Charlie Ravioli and Olivia? 　　　　ア. They were good friends. 　　　イ. They both were too busy. 　　　ウ. Their relationship was somewhat strange. 　　エ. Their relationship was getting better. 　 3. Why did the author consult with one of his sisters? 　　　イ. Because she is a specialist in the mental development of children. 　　　ア. Because she is Olivia's aunt and knows her very well. 　　　ウ. Because she has a child who is as old as Olivia. 　　　エ. Because she experienced, the same issue when she was three years old. 　 4. What did the author's sister say about the Ravioli issue? 　　　ア. It's not unusual for a child to have an imaginary friend. 　　　イ. It's quite common for three-year olds to write a story on their own. 　　　ウ. It's necessary for a child to see an imaginary friend. 　　　ユ. It's very difficult to solve this kind of problem. 　 5. How did the author feel after talking with his sister? 　　　ア. Charlie Ravioli was not an imaginary person but a real one. 　　　イ. New Yorkers had a lot in common with Charlie Ravioli. 　　　ウ. Charlie Ravioli would become Olivia's good friend. 　　　エ. He had a lot to learn from Charlie Ravioli.